Our loyal readers will know that we have published several articles extolling the virtues of the new ExecuteSQL function in FileMaker 12. Well, now it’s time to come clean and tell you the truth about this powerful function and its hidden ability to turn your hair prematurely grey, cause you to lose sleep, or perhaps develop an annoying and embarrassing facial tick.

If you intend to embark on the rewarding path of integrating SQL into your FileMaker development, be warned. And be prepared, as one simple punctuation character, innocent in all other contexts among our many human languages, may lead to premature aging.

? Marks The Spot

This character is the lowly question mark (?), and is the only feedback provided by the FileMaker calculation engine when you write malformed SQL statements within the ExecuteSQL function.  SQL queries must be syntactically perfect in order for them to work. When you start writing SQL in FileMaker, you are stepping out of the safety of FileMaker’s tightly controlled programming environment that, for example, does not allow you to specify fields, scripts or other objects that don’t exist in the system.

Here is a short list of syntax errors that will cause your SQL query to return a question mark and for you to lose a few minutes off of your projected lifespan:

• Using one of the 250-odd SQL reserved words as a table or field name
• Using unacceptable characters (like an underscore ‘_’) as the first character of a field name
• Using SQL syntax that is not accepted by the FileMaker SQL API (there are many versions of SQL)
• Improper quoting of elements in the query
• Improper expression of date syntax

Fortunately for you, I have sacrificed some of my naturally colored hair and a few precious minutes off of my lifespan to bring you some useful tips for surviving the FileMaker/SQL learning curve. Most notably, I want to explore how to use the script debugger and data viewer to assist in the debugging of your SQL queries.

SQL for Beginners

First off, this is not going to be an extensive tutorial in using SQL with FileMaker.  If you are just getting started, I would recommend the following resources:

• Kevin Frank has a number of blog posts and custom function resources at: www.filemakerhacks.com
• Anders Monsen introduces some SQL ideas in this post.
• W3Schools.com has a decent SQL beginners tutorial available.
• FileMaker’s ODBC/JDBC Guide has useful reference information, including a list of those dreaded SQL reserved words.

Let ( 
// variables
[
  type = Q( $type ) ;
  resetDate = Q( PeopleLayout » People::inquiryResetDate ) ;
  pID = Q( PeopleLayout » People::id ) ;
  SQL = "
    SELECT COUNT ( id )
    FROM Conversions
    WHERE type = " & type & "
    AND id_Person = " & pID & "
    AND creationDate >= " & resetDate ] ;

// calculation 
Case ( ExecuteSQL ( SQL ; "" ; "" ) ≥ 1 ; 0 ; 1 )

//DEBUGGING
//type
//resetDate
//pID
//SQL
//ExecuteSQL ( SQL ; "" ; "" )

)   // end LET

Let ( 
// variables
[
  type = Q( $type ) ;
  resetDate = Q( PeopleLayout » People::inquiryResetDate ) ;
  pID = Q( PeopleLayout » People::id ) ;

SQL = "
  SELECT COUNT ( id )
  FROM Conversions
  WHERE type = " & type & "
  AND id_Person = " & pID & "
  AND creationDate >= " & resetDate

// calculation 
Case ( ExecuteSQL ( SQL ; "" ; "" ) ≥ 1 ; 0 ; 1 )

//DEBUGGING
//type
//resetDate
//pID
//SQL
//ExecuteSQL ( SQL ; "" ; "" )

)   // end LET

Debugging in Action

And now the fun can begin!  If my ‘Create Conversion’ script is not working, and I suspect a faulty SQL query, I run the script with debugger on. When the debugger runs the step in question, the value for variable $isFirstAfterResetDate will return a “?”:

I then open the script, grab the calculation from the step, and drop it into the data viewer. Since the script is currently running, I am assured that all of the conditions of layout context and field/variable values that may be used in the calculation are in force. I then use the Let function to return the values of the various elements in the calculation by uncommenting them in the data viewer.

Here is the original calculation, returning the result the script is expecting:

We can return one of the Let variables to make sure a valid and properly quoted value exists for that variable:

And here we return the SQL query itself, to ensure that it is properly formed.  (Of course the usefulness of this assumes that I know what properly formed SQL statement looks like!):

Once you have started creating SQL queries in FileMaker that actually work, save them in a library.  I use Notational Velocity to maintain my library of valid, working SQL queries. Having this as a resource is extremely valuable when it comes time to create a new query of particular type or style that already exists. It is perhaps the most valuable method for debugging SQL – which is simply using proven calculations – and makes it much more likely that your SQL queries will not be buggy and lead to that dreaded, hair-greying, insomnia-producing and lifespan shortening punctuation mark. I wish you the best of luck in the hard work of learning SQL. Post a comment if you have any questions!